[Micro-RNAs as biomarkers of radiation-induced injuries].

In the event of a radiological or nuclear emergency following an accident or malicious act, potentially involving many victims, medical care requires the identification and diagnosis of individuals exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation as quickly as possible. While an initial screening can be carried out directly in the field, additional biological in-lab analyses are required to refine the diagnosis and optimize the therapeutic management of victims. The fast and simultaneous management of many patients is limited by currently established techniques. To overcome these constraints, the use of new biomarkers to predict the risk and severity of radiation-induced injuries is under investigation. This synthesis summarizes the latest scientific advances demonstrating the potential of microRNAs as biomarkers of radiationinduced injuries, highlighting their relevance for human health care and radioprotection.