What dietary interventions have been tested in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction? A systematic scoping review.

Heterogeneity made pooling studies challenging. Better reporting of baseline characteristics and use of standardised HF lexicon would ensure greater confidence in interpretation of studies involving mixed HF populations. The field would benefit greatly from explicit reporting of the biological mechanism of action (e.g. the causal pathway) that an intervention is designed to modulate so that studies can be synthesised via their underlying mechanism of action by which diet may affect HF. An extension of the current set of core outcomes proposed by the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association would ensure dietary clinical endpoints are more consistently defined and measured.