Outpatient Antibiotic Use is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stones.

The increased risk of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone with antibiotic use appears largely due to both comorbidities and prescription of antibiotics for urinary symptoms. Under-recognition of kidney stones that initially cause urinary symptoms resulting in antibiotic use may explain much of the perceived stone risk with antibiotics (i.e., reverse causality).