Bergaptol from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses and ox-LDL-induced lipid deposition.
Chun-Yan ShenTian-Xing WangJian-Guo JiangChun-Ling HuangWei ZhuPublished in: Food & function (2021)
Aberrant activation of inflammation and excess accumulation of lipids play pivotal roles in atherosclerosis (AS) progression. Constituents from Citrus aurantium Linn variant amara Engl (CAVA) were effectively investigated for their various bioactivities, especially anti-inflammation. Bergaptol (BER) is particularly abundant in Citrus products. Accumulating studies have confirmed its predominant anti-cancer and antioxidant functions, whereas few studies focused on its antiatherogenic functions. In the current study, BER was isolated from CAVA for the first time. Macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) or oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) to mimic inflammatory responses and AS development. BER treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, TNF-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). BER also potently blocked LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, as evidenced by the inhibitory effects on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), P38, P65, IκBα and IκKα/β phosphorylation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, BER treatment markedly mitigated ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation by inhibiting scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-dependent cholesterol uptake. In conclusion, BER might be a novel therapeutic agent for AS prevention through inhibiting inflammatory responses and cholesterol uptake.
Keyphrases
- lps induced
- low density lipoprotein
- nitric oxide synthase
- inflammatory response
- nuclear factor
- nitric oxide
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- gene expression
- toll like receptor
- protein kinase
- rheumatoid arthritis
- high glucose
- pi k akt
- hydrogen peroxide
- cardiovascular disease
- induced apoptosis
- drug induced
- mesenchymal stem cells
- high speed
- atomic force microscopy
- cell proliferation
- immune response
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- single molecule
- binding protein
- endothelial cells