Methamphetamine induces a low dopamine transporter expressing immunophenotype without altering total number of peripheral immune cells.

Methamphetamine is a widely abused psychostimulant and one of the main targets of dopamine transporter (DAT). Methamphetamine reduces DAT-mediated dopamine uptake and stimulates dopamine efflux leading to increased synaptic dopamine levels many folds above baseline. Methamphetamine also targets DAT-expressing peripheral immune cells, reduces wound healing, and increases infection susceptibility. Peripheral immune cells such as myeloid cells, B-cells and T-cells express DAT. DAT activity on monocytes and macrophages exhibits immune suppressive properties via an autocrine paracrine mechanism, where deletion or inhibition of DAT activity increases inflammatory responses. In this study utilizing a mouse model of daily single dose of methamphetamine administration, we investigated the impact of the drug on DAT expression in peripheral immune cells. We found in methamphetamine-treated mice, DAT expression was downregulated in most of the innate and adaptive immune cells. Methamphetamine did not increase or decrease total number of innate and adaptive immune cells but changed their immunophenotype to low-DAT expressing phenotype. Moreover, serum cytokine distributions were altered in methamphetamine-treated mice. Therefore, resembling its effect in the CNS, in the periphery, methamphetamine regulates DAT expression on peripheral immune cell subsets, potentially describing methamphetamine regulation of peripheral immunity.