Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Attenuate Pro-inflammatory Small Intestinal Cytokine Signatures.

RYGB and SG reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-23, and IFN-γ in the jejunum. RYGB showed attenuation of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced expression of IL-33. Post-surgical changes in intestinal IL-17, IL-23, and IFN-γ correlate strongly with changes in weight and glucose-triggered insulin responses.