KRAS G 12C -inhibitor-based combination therapies for pancreatic cancer: insights from drug screening.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has limited treatment options, emphasizing the urgent need for effective therapies. The predominant driver in PDAC is mutated KRAS proto-oncogene, KRA, present in 90% of patients. The emergence of direct KRAS inhibitors presents a promising avenue for treatment, particularly those targeting the KRAS G12C mutated allele, which show encouraging results in clinical trials. However, the development of resistance necessitates exploring potent combination therapies. Our objective was to identify effective KRAS G12C -inhibitor combination therapies through unbiased drug screening. Results revealed synergistic effects with son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) inhibitors, tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11)/Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) inhibitors, and broad-spectrum multi-kinase inhibitors. Validation in a novel and unique KRAS G12C -mutated patient-derived organoid model confirmed the described hits from the screening experiment. Our findings propose strategies to enhance KRAS G12C -inhibitor efficacy, guiding clinical trial design and molecular tumor boards.