Zwitterionic mesoporous engineering aids peptide-dependent pattern profiling for identification of different liver diseases.

Liver disease remains a global health challenge, with its incidence steadily increasing worldwide. Herein, zwitterionic mesoporous engineering was developed for the identification of different liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Based on this engineering, a total of 2633 m / z signals were observed to be enriched. Notably, three key peptides were identified and showed high accuracy and precision for distinguishing the healthy and disease states, propelling the field of nanomedicine toward genuine personalized medicine.