Meta-analysis of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Immortalization Protocols: A Guideline for Regenerative Medicine.

Also, it was observed that although less than half of the studies performed tumorigenicity assays to validate the immortalized MSCs, other assays, such as qRT-PCR, colony formation in soft agar, karyotype, FISH, and cell proliferation, were performed in most studies on distinct MSC cell passages.