Calcified aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common valvular heart diseases worldwide, characterized by progressive fibrocalcific remodeling and thickening of the leaflets, which ultimately leads to obstruction of blood flow. Its pathobiology is an active and complicated process, involving endothelial cell dysfunction, lipoprotein deposition and oxidation, chronic inflammation, phenotypic transformation of valve interstitial cells, neovascularization, and intravalvular hemorrhage. To date, no targeted drug has been proven to slow down or prevent disease progression. Aortic valve replacement is still the optimal treatment of AS. This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis, and management of calcified aortic stenosis and proposes novel potential therapeutic targets.
Keyphrases
- aortic stenosis
- aortic valve replacement
- aortic valve
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- ejection fraction
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation
- left ventricular
- blood flow
- coronary artery disease
- oxidative stress
- heart failure
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- multiple sclerosis
- emergency department
- atrial fibrillation
- cell death
- combination therapy
- hydrogen peroxide
- nitric oxide
- cancer therapy
- systematic review
- randomized controlled trial
- signaling pathway
- cell cycle arrest
- climate change
- diabetic retinopathy
- cell proliferation
- electronic health record
- human health
- high glucose