Synergy between "Probiotic" Carbon Quantum Dots and Ciprofloxacin in Eradicating Infectious Biofilms and Their Biosafety in Mice.
Yanyan WuGuang YangHenny C Van der MeiLinqi ShiHenk J BusscherYijin RenPublished in: Pharmaceutics (2021)
Orally administrated probiotic bacteria can aid antibiotic treatment of intestinal infections, but their arrival at their intestinal target site is hampered by killing in the gastrointestinal tract and by antibiotics solely intended for pathogen killing. Carbon-quantum-dots are extremely small nanoparticles and can be derived from different sources, including bacteria. Here, we hypothesize that carbon-quantum-dots inherit antibacterial activity from probiotic source bacteria to fulfill a similar role as live probiotics in intestinal infection therapy. Physico-chemical analyses indicated that carbon-quantum-dots, hydrothermally derived from Bifidobacterium breve (B-C-dots), inherited proteins and polysaccharides from their source-bacteria. B-C-dots disrupted biofilm matrices of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium biofilms through extensive reactive-oxygen-species (ROS)-generation, causing a decrease in volumetric bacterial-density in biofilms. Decreased bacterial densities leave more open space in biofilms and have enhanced ciprofloxacin penetration and killing potential in an E. coli biofilm pre-exposed to probiotic B-C-dots. Pathogenic carbon-quantum-dots hydrothermally derived from E. coli (E-C-dots) did not disrupt pathogenic biofilms nor enhance E. coli killing potential by ciprofloxacin. B-C-dots were biosafe in mice upon daily administration, while E-C-dots demonstrated a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts and an increase in C-reactive protein levels. Therefore, the way is paved for employing probiotic carbon-quantum-dots instead of viable, probiotic bacteria for synergistic use with existing antibiotics in treating intestinal infections.
Keyphrases
- quantum dots
- candida albicans
- escherichia coli
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- sensitive detection
- fluorescent probe
- bacillus subtilis
- reactive oxygen species
- molecularly imprinted
- biofilm formation
- energy transfer
- lactic acid
- staphylococcus aureus
- single cell
- physical activity
- bone marrow
- adipose tissue
- type diabetes
- cystic fibrosis
- cancer therapy
- skeletal muscle
- drug delivery
- drinking water
- stem cells
- high resolution
- oxidative stress
- human health
- replacement therapy
- resting state
- metabolic syndrome
- functional connectivity