Biofilm in sino-nasal infectious diseases: the role nasal cytology in the diagnostic work up and therapeutic implications.

Matteo Gelardi Rossana Giancaspro Michele Cassano

Published in: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2022)

The aim of this brief review is to better clarify the role of biofilm in the pathogenesis and recurrence of sino-nasal disorders and to highlight the role of nasal cytology (NC) in the rhino-allergologic diagnostic path and in the evaluation of the effectiveness of new treatments.

Keyphrases

chronic rhinosinusitis
infectious diseases
pseudomonas aeruginosa
staphylococcus aureus
high grade
fine needle aspiration
candida albicans
randomized controlled trial
systematic review
ultrasound guided
cystic fibrosis