Diversity in Genetic Regulation of Bacterial Fimbriae Assembled by the Chaperone Usher Pathway.
Dharmender K GahlotNayyer TaheriSheila MacIntyrePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Bacteria express different types of hair-like proteinaceous appendages on their cell surface known as pili or fimbriae. These filamentous structures are primarily involved in the adherence of bacteria to both abiotic and biotic surfaces for biofilm formation and/or virulence of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. In pathogenic bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, fimbriae play a key role in bacteria-host interactions which are critical for bacterial invasion and infection. Fimbriae assembled by the Chaperone Usher pathway (CUP) are widespread within the Enterobacteriaceae , and their expression is tightly regulated by specific environmental stimuli. Genes essential for expression of CUP fimbriae are organised in small blocks/clusters, which are often located in proximity to other virulence genes on a pathogenicity island. Since these surface appendages play a crucial role in bacterial virulence, they have potential to be harnessed in vaccine development. This review covers the regulation of expression of CUP-assembled fimbriae in Gram-negative bacteria and uses selected examples to demonstrate both dedicated and global regulatory mechanisms.
Keyphrases
- biofilm formation
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staphylococcus aureus
- escherichia coli
- poor prognosis
- candida albicans
- genome wide
- cystic fibrosis
- cell surface
- antimicrobial resistance
- binding protein
- transcription factor
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- genome wide identification
- human health
- climate change
- risk assessment
- multidrug resistant
- insulin resistance
- endoplasmic reticulum
- arabidopsis thaliana
- genome wide analysis