Cardiorenal syndrome and iron supplementation-more benefits than risks: a narrative review.
Georgia DoumaniGeorgios SpanosPanagiotis TheofilisAikaterini VordoniRigas G KalaitzidisPublished in: International urology and nephrology (2023)
Intravenous iron administration has emerged as a crucial intervention for managing patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and iron deficiency, with or without the presence of anemia. Multiple studies have demonstrated the benefits of intravenous iron supplementation in improving anemia, symptoms, and functional capacity in patients with HF and iron deficiency. Furthermore, iron supplementation has been associated with a reduction in hospitalizations for HF exacerbation and the improvement of patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. In addition to its effects on HF management, emerging evidence suggests a potential positive impact on kidney function in patients with CRS. Studies have shown an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate and improvements in renal function markers in patients receiving intravenous iron therapy, highlighting the potential of this intervention in patients with CRS. This paper reviews the existing literature on the impact of intravenous iron therapy in these patient populations and explores its effects on various clinical outcomes. Future research endeavors are eagerly awaited to further improve our understanding of its clinical implications and optimize patient outcomes.
Keyphrases
- iron deficiency
- high dose
- randomized controlled trial
- case report
- systematic review
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- newly diagnosed
- stem cells
- ejection fraction
- low dose
- acute heart failure
- prognostic factors
- current status
- mesenchymal stem cells
- mechanical ventilation
- bone marrow
- atrial fibrillation
- depressive symptoms
- replacement therapy