Preclinical Molecular Imaging for Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer Mouse Models.
M F FiordelisiLuigi AulettaL MeomartinoL BassoG FatoneM SalvatoreM ManciniAdelaide GrecoPublished in: Contrast media & molecular imaging (2019)
Precision and personalized medicine is gaining importance in modern clinical medicine, as it aims to improve diagnostic precision and to reduce consequent therapeutic failures. In this regard, prior to use in human trials, animal models can help evaluate novel imaging approaches and therapeutic strategies and can help discover new biomarkers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, accounting for 25% of cases of all cancers and is responsible for approximately 500,000 deaths per year. Thus, it is important to identify accurate biomarkers for precise stratification of affected patients and for early detection of responsiveness to the selected therapeutic protocol. This review aims to summarize the latest advancements in preclinical molecular imaging in breast cancer mouse models. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging remains one of the most common preclinical techniques used to evaluate biomarker expression in vivo, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly diffusion-weighted (DW) sequences, has been demonstrated as capable of distinguishing responders from nonresponders for both conventional and innovative chemo- and immune-therapies with high sensitivity and in a noninvasive manner. The ability to customize therapies is desirable, as this will enable early detection of diseases and tailoring of treatments to individual patient profiles. Animal models remain irreplaceable in the effort to understand the molecular mechanisms and patterns of oncologic diseases.
Keyphrases
- pet imaging
- positron emission tomography
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- computed tomography
- diffusion weighted
- mouse model
- end stage renal disease
- high resolution
- endothelial cells
- cell therapy
- chronic kidney disease
- randomized controlled trial
- ejection fraction
- photodynamic therapy
- peritoneal dialysis
- stem cells
- diffusion weighted imaging
- rectal cancer
- insulin resistance
- radical prostatectomy
- type diabetes
- patient reported outcomes
- case report
- radiation therapy
- bone marrow
- pregnancy outcomes
- childhood cancer