Thrombospondin-2 stimulates MMP-9 production and promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via the PLC, PKC, c-Src and NF-κB activation.
Ju-Fang LiuPo-Chun ChenTsung-Ming ChangChun-Han HouPublished in: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine (2020)
Osteosarcoma is an extremely common primary bone malignancy that is highly metastatic, with most deaths resulting from pulmonary metastases. The extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) is key to many biological processes, such as inflammation, wound repair and tissue remodelling. However, it is unclear as to what biological role TSP-2 plays in human metastatic osteosarcoma. The immunochemistry analysis from osteosarcoma specimens identified marked up-regulation of TSP-2 in late-stage osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we found that TSP-2 increased the levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) expression and thereby increased the migratory potential of human osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma cells pre-treated with an MMP-9 monoclonal antibody (mAb), an MMP-9 inhibitor, or transfected with MMP-9 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the capacity of TSP-2 to potentiate cell migration. TSP-2 treatment activated the PLCβ, PKCα, c-Src and nuclear kappa factor B (NF-κB) signalling pathways, while the specific siRNA, inhibitors and mutants of these cascades reduced TSP-2-induced stimulation of migration activity. Knockdown of TSP-2 expression markedly reduced cell metastasis in cellular and animal experiments. It appears that an interaction between TSP-2 and integrin αvβ3 activates the PLCβ, PKCα and c-Src signalling pathways and subsequently activates NF-κB signalling, increasing MMP-9 expression and stimulating migratory activity amongst human osteosarcoma cells.
Keyphrases
- cell migration
- induced apoptosis
- endothelial cells
- poor prognosis
- signaling pathway
- cell cycle arrest
- monoclonal antibody
- oxidative stress
- extracellular matrix
- small cell lung cancer
- nuclear factor
- squamous cell carcinoma
- stem cells
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- tyrosine kinase
- pi k akt
- lps induced
- high glucose
- cell death
- cell therapy
- immune response
- mesenchymal stem cells
- protein kinase
- body composition
- climate change
- nucleic acid
- hyaluronic acid
- risk assessment
- amino acid
- data analysis
- fine needle aspiration