Energy loss associated with in-vitro modeling of mitral annular calcification.
Philip C WienerAhmed DarwishEvan FriendLyes KademGregg S PressmanPublished in: PloS one (2021)
MAC MS is associated with slightly increased transmitral gradients but markedly increased VED during exercise. These energy losses may contribute to the exercise intolerance and exertional dyspnea present in MAC patients.