Thyroid Disorders and Peripheral Arterial Disease.
Katica Bajuk StudenSimona GaberscekKatja ZaletelAles BlincMiso SabovicGerit-Holger SchernthanerPanagiotis AnagnostisPier Luigi AntignaniMojca JensterleDimitri P MikhailidisPavel PoredosPublished in: Current vascular pharmacology (2023)
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, both overt and subclinical, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The association between thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated in large epidemiological studies and meta-analyses and is now considered a U-shaped curve. Several pathophysiological mechanisms linking thyroid and cardiovascular disease are known; however, specific clinical complications of peripheral arterial disease as endpoints of clinical trials have not been adequately investigated. The potential mechanisms linking hypothyroidism and peripheral arterial disease are endothelial dysfunction, blood pressure changes, dyslipidemia, and low-grade systemic inflammation. The potential mechanisms linking hyperthyroidism and peripheral arterial disease are hyperdynamic circulation, elevated systolic blood pressure, hypercoagulability, and possibly increased arterial inflammation.
Keyphrases
- blood pressure
- low grade
- cardiovascular disease
- clinical trial
- meta analyses
- hypertensive patients
- high grade
- heart rate
- systematic review
- oxidative stress
- replacement therapy
- randomized controlled trial
- human health
- left ventricular
- risk assessment
- metabolic syndrome
- risk factors
- climate change
- high resolution
- atomic force microscopy
- cardiovascular events
- insulin resistance
- phase ii
- case control
- skeletal muscle