Bias-Free Cardiac Monitoring Capsule.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Patients often fail to recognize the early signs of CVDs, which display irregularities in cardiac contractility and may ultimately lead to heart failure. Therefore, continuously monitoring the abnormal changes in cardiac contractility might represent a novel approach to long-term CVD surveillance. In this study, we introduce a zero-power consumption and implantable bias-free cardiac monitoring capsule (BCMC) based on the triboelectric effect for cardiac contractility monitoring in situ. The output performance of BCMC has been improved over 10 times with nanoparticle self-adsorption method. This device can be implanted into the right ventricle of swine using catheter intervention to detect the change of cardiac contractility and corresponding CVDs. The physiological signals can be wirelessly transmitted to a mobile terminal for analysis through the acquisition and transmission module. This work will contribute to a new option for precise monitoring and early diagnosis of CVDs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.