Stimulation of chemokines in human endometrial stromal cells by tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ is similar under apoptotic and non-apoptotic conditions.

TNF-α and IFN-γ modulate the secretion of chemokines in ESCs independently of Fas-induced apoptosis. These results suggest a constant response pattern on pro-inflammatory cytokines within the population of human ESCs.