Transdermal absorption of active substances from cosmetic vehicles.
Jana PavlačkováPavlína EgnerJana PolaškováJarmila HojerováLucie PinďákováPavel MokrejšVendula VaraďováPublished in: Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2019)
The gel proved to be the more potent vehicle for the active ingredient, as it demonstrated greater transdermal caffeine penetration than the emulsions, correlating with the degree of damage to the skin as detected by TEC.