Optical Biosensing System for the Detection of Survivin mRNA in Colorectal Cancer Cells Using a Graphene Oxide Carrier-Bound Oligonucleotide Molecular Beacon.
Katarzyna RatajczakBartlomiej Emil KrazinskiAnna E KowalczykBeata DworakowskaSlawomir JakielaMagdalena StobieckaPublished in: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) (2018)
The anti-apoptotic protein survivin is one of the most promising cancer biomarkers owing to its high expression in human cancers and rare occurrence in normal adult tissues. In this work, we have investigated the role of supramolecular interactions between a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet nanocarrier and a survivin molecular beacon (SurMB), functionalized by attaching fluorophore Joe and quencher Dabcyl (SurMB-Joe). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed hydrogen bonding of Joe moiety and Dabcyl to GO carriers that considerably increase the SurMB-GO bonding strength. This was confirmed in experimental work by the reduced fluorescence background in the OFF state, thereby increasing the useful analytical signal range for mRNA detection. A new mechanism of hairpin⁻hairpin interaction of GO@SurMB with target oligonucleotides has been proposed. A low limit of detection, LOD = 16 nM (S/N = 3), has been achieved for complementary tDNA using GO@SurMB-Joe nanocarriers. We have demonstrated an efficient internalization of SurMB-Joe-loaded GO nanocarriers in malignant SW480 cells. The proposed tunability of the bonding strength in the attached motifs for MBs immobilized on nanocarriers, via structural modifications, should be useful in gene delivery systems to enhance the efficacy of gene retention, cell transfection and genomic material survivability in the cellular environment.
Keyphrases
- drug delivery
- molecular dynamics simulations
- cancer therapy
- label free
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- copy number
- drug release
- binding protein
- single cell
- real time pcr
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- single molecule
- poor prognosis
- cell death
- genome wide
- gene expression
- squamous cell carcinoma
- risk assessment
- anti inflammatory
- high resolution
- genome wide identification
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- transcription factor
- cell therapy
- dna methylation
- quantum dots
- mesenchymal stem cells
- energy transfer
- ionic liquid
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- molecularly imprinted