An update of advanced nanoplatforms for Glioblastoma Multiforme Management.
Mariana AmaralNuno CruzAna RosaBeatriz NogueiraDiana CostaFrancisco SantosMariana BrazãoPedro PolicarpoRita MateusYan KobozevCatarina Pinto ReisPublished in: EXCLI journal (2021)
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very aggressive and heterogeneous glioma. Currently, GBM is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (e.g. temozolamide) and Tumour Treating Fields. Unfortunately, the mean survival is still around 15 months. This poor prognosis is associated with therapy resistance, tumor recurrence, and limited delivery of drugs due to the blood-brain barrier nature. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to medicine, has revolutionized many health fields, specifically cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review explores the particularities of different nanosystems (i.e., superparamagnetic, polymeric and gold nanoparticles, and liposomes) as well as how they can be applied to the treatment and diagnosis of GBM. As described, the most of the cited examples are on the preclinical phase; however, positive results were obtained and thus, the distance to achieve an effective treatment is shorter every day.
Keyphrases
- poor prognosis
- gold nanoparticles
- drug delivery
- healthcare
- early stage
- public health
- minimally invasive
- locally advanced
- radiation therapy
- mental health
- free survival
- drug release
- combination therapy
- risk assessment
- young adults
- cell therapy
- radiation induced
- newly diagnosed
- squamous cell
- reduced graphene oxide
- replacement therapy
- rectal cancer
- health promotion