A parametric blueprint for optimum cochlear outer hair cell design.

The present work examines the hypothesis that cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) properties vary in precise proportions along the tonotopic map to optimize electromechanical power conversion. We tested this hypothesis using a very simple model of a single isolated OHC driving a mechanical load. Results identify three non-dimensional ratios that are predicted to optimize power conversion: the ratio of the resistive-capacitive (RC) corner to the characteristic frequency (CF), the ratio of nonlinear to linear capacitance and the ratio of OHC stiffness to cochlear load stiffness. Optimum efficiency requires all three ratios to be universal constants, independent of CF and species. The same ratios are cardinal control parameters that maximize power output by positioning the OHC operating point on the edge of a dynamic instability. Results support the hypothesis that OHC properties evolved to optimize electro-mechanical power conversion. Identification of the RC corner frequency as a control parameter reveals a powerful mechanism used by medial olivocochlear efferent system to control OHC power output. Results indicate the upper-frequency limit of OHC power output is not constrained by the speed of the motor itself but instead is probably limited by the size of the nucleus and membrane surface area available for ion-channel expression.