The effects of loperamide on excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular function in the human colon.
Paul T HeitmannLauren KeightleyLukasz WiklendtDavid A WattchowSimon S J BrookesNicholas J SpencerMarcello CostaPhilip G DinningPublished in: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society (2022)
Loperamide had no effect on excitatory neuromuscular function in human colonic circular muscle. These findings suggest that loperamide alters colonic function by acting primarily on inhibitory motor neurons, premotor enteric neurons, or via alternative non-opioid receptor pathways.