Facial esthetic outcome of functional followed by fixed orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 patients.

Mary-Eleni ZouloumiKleopatra TsiouliSimeon PsomiadisOlga-Elpis KolokithaNikolaos TopouzelisNikolaos Gkantidis

Published in: Progress in orthodontics (2019)

The perceived facial changes of convex profile patients treated with functional, followed by fixed orthodontic appliances, did not differ from those observed in normal profile patients, when full-face frontal and profile photos were simultaneously assessed. Consequently, professionals should be skeptical regarding the improvement of a patient's facial appearance when this treatment option is used.

Keyphrases

physical activity
end stage renal disease
chronic kidney disease
newly diagnosed
peritoneal dialysis
prognostic factors
case report
mental health
depressive symptoms
social support