β-Pix-dependent cellular protrusions propel collective mesoderm migration in the mouse embryo.
Tatiana OmelchenkoAlan HallKathryn V AndersonPublished in: Nature communications (2020)
Coordinated directional migration of cells in the mesoderm layer of the early embryo is essential for organization of the body plan. Here we show that mesoderm organization in mouse embryos depends on β-Pix (Arhgef7), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and Cdc42. As early as E7.5, β-Pix mutants have an abnormally thick mesoderm layer; later, paraxial mesoderm fails to organize into somites. To define the mechanism of action of β-Pix in vivo, we optimize single-cell live-embryo imaging, cell tracking, and volumetric analysis of individual and groups of mesoderm cells. Use of these methods shows that wild-type cells move in the same direction as their neighbors, whereas adjacent β-Pix mutant cells move in random directions. Wild-type mesoderm cells have long polarized filopodia-like protrusions, which are absent in β-Pix mutants. The data indicate that β-Pix-dependent cellular protrusions drive and coordinate collective migration of the mesoderm in vivo.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- wild type
- cell cycle arrest
- single cell
- pluripotent stem cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- stem cells
- high resolution
- machine learning
- cell proliferation
- pi k akt
- rna seq
- mesenchymal stem cells
- artificial intelligence
- high throughput
- cell cycle
- cell therapy
- deep learning
- mass spectrometry