Association between dietary choline and betaine intake and 10.6-year cardiovascular disease in adults.

Karamollah ToolabiParvin MirmiranFereidoun Azizi

Published in: Nutrition journal (2022)

Our investigation indicates no association between energy-adjusted total choline and betaine and a 10.6-year risk of CVD among adults. Besides, we found no relationship between individual choline forms (except FC) and CVD. We also found energy-adjusted choline and betaine obtained from food categories were not associated with the risk of CVD.

Keyphrases

cardiovascular disease
body mass index
physical activity
risk assessment
weight gain
human health
climate change