Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanolic Extract of Mexican Brown Propolis.
José Fausto Rivero-CruzJessica Granados-PinedaPedraza-Chaverri JoséJazmin Marlen Pérez-RojasAjit Kumar-PassariGloria Díaz-RuizBlanca Estela Rivero-CruzPublished in: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Propolis is a complex mixture of natural sticky and resinous components produced by honeybees from living plant exudates. Globally, research has been dedicated to studying the biological properties and chemical composition of propolis from various geographical and climatic regions. However, the chemical data and biological properties of Mexican brown propolis are scant. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) sample collected in México and the isolated compounds is described. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated in a central nervous system and cervical cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity of EEP was evaluated in a C6 cell line and cervical cancer (HeLa, SiHa, and CasKi) measured by the 3-(3,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. The antibacterial activity was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Twelve known compounds were isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Additionally, forty volatile compounds were identified by means of headspace-solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry time of flight analysis (HS-SPME/GC-MS-TOF). The main volatile compounds detected include nonanal (18.82%), α-pinene (12.45%), neryl alcohol (10.13%), and α-pinene (8.04%). EEP showed an anti-proliferative effect on glioma cells better than temozolomide, also decreased proliferation and viability in cervical cancer cells, but its effectiveness was lower compared to cisplatin.
Keyphrases
- gas chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- tandem mass spectrometry
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- oxidative stress
- high resolution
- capillary electrophoresis
- high performance liquid chromatography
- anti inflammatory
- systematic review
- randomized controlled trial
- solid phase extraction
- signaling pathway
- magnetic resonance
- ms ms
- machine learning
- electronic health record
- cerebrospinal fluid
- data analysis
- essential oil