Imaging in gynecological disease (17): ultrasound features of malignant ovarian yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors).
P AnfelterA TestaV ChiappaWouter FroymanR FruscioStefano GuerrieroJuan Luis AlcazarF MascilliniMaria Angela PascualM SibalL SavelliG F ZannoniD TimmermanElisabeth EpsteinPublished in: Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2021)
Malignant ovarian YSTs are often detected at an early stage, in young women usually in the second or third decade of life, presenting with pain and markedly elevated S-AFP. On ultrasound, malignant ovarian YSTs are mostly unilateral, large and multilocular-solid or solid, with fine-textured slightly hyperechoic solid tissue and rich vascularization. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology..
Keyphrases
- magnetic resonance imaging
- early stage
- contrast enhanced ultrasound
- ultrasound guided
- chronic pain
- high resolution
- randomized controlled trial
- squamous cell carcinoma
- computed tomography
- air pollution
- pain management
- radiation therapy
- spinal cord injury
- systematic review
- spinal cord
- photodynamic therapy
- rectal cancer
- tissue engineering