IFN Regulatory Factor 3 Balances Th1 and T Follicular Helper Immunity during Nonlethal Blood-Stage Plasmodium Infection.
Kylie R JamesMegan S F SoonIsmail SebinaDaniel Fernandez-RuizGayle M DaveyUrijah N LiligetoArya Sheela NairLily G FoggChelsea L EdwardsShannon E BestLianne I M LansinkKate SchroderJane A C WilsonRebecca AustinAndreas SuhrbierSteven W LaneGeoffrey R HillChristian R EngwerdaWilliam R HeathAshraful HaquePublished in: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) (2018)
Differentiation of CD4+ Th cells is critical for immunity to malaria. Several innate immune signaling pathways have been implicated in the detection of blood-stage Plasmodium parasites, yet their influence over Th cell immunity remains unclear. In this study, we used Plasmodium-reactive TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells, termed PbTII cells, during nonlethal P. chabaudi chabaudi AS and P. yoelii 17XNL infection in mice, to examine Th cell development in vivo. We found no role for caspase1/11, stimulator of IFN genes, or mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein, and only modest roles for MyD88 and TRIF-dependent signaling in controlling PbTII cell expansion. In contrast, IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) was important for supporting PbTII expansion, promoting Th1 over T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and controlling parasites during the first week of infection. IRF3 was not required for early priming by conventional dendritic cells, but was essential for promoting CXCL9 and MHC class II expression by inflammatory monocytes that supported PbTII responses in the spleen. Thereafter, IRF3-deficiency boosted Tfh responses, germinal center B cell and memory B cell development, parasite-specific Ab production, and resolution of infection. We also noted a B cell-intrinsic role for IRF3 in regulating humoral immune responses. Thus, we revealed roles for IRF3 in balancing Th1- and Tfh-dependent immunity during nonlethal infection with blood-stage Plasmodium parasites.
Keyphrases
- dendritic cells
- plasmodium falciparum
- immune response
- regulatory t cells
- induced apoptosis
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- cell therapy
- oxidative stress
- toll like receptor
- magnetic resonance
- randomized controlled trial
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- type diabetes
- innate immune
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- metabolic syndrome
- genome wide
- magnetic resonance imaging
- clinical trial
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- small molecule
- long non coding rna
- binding protein
- inflammatory response
- single molecule
- replacement therapy
- dna methylation
- high fat diet induced