From consumption to excretion: Lithium concentrations in honey bees (Apis mellifera) after lithium chloride application and time-dependent effects on Varroa destructor.

These findings help optimize LiCl application in colonies to achieve high Varroa mortality without unwanted adverse effects and provide important baseline data for future registration. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.