Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients.
Mahdie RahbanAgata StanekAmirreza HooshmandYasaman KhaminehSalma AhiSyed Naqui KazimFaizan AhmadVladimir MuronetzMohamed Samy AbousennaSamaneh ZolghadriAli Akbar SabouryPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2021)
The gastrointestinal tract is the body's largest interface between the host and the external environment. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of microbiome alterations and severe diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal complicity in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be explained by the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cell receptors. These receptors are overexpressed in the gut lining, leading to a high intestinal permeability to foreign pathogens. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 has a lesser likelihood of causing liver infection because of the diminished expression of ACE2 in liver cells. Interestingly, an interconnection between the lungs, brain, and gastrointestinal tract during severe COVID-19 has been mentioned. We hope that this review on the molecular mechanisms related to the gastrointestinal disorders as well as neurological and hepatic manifestations experienced by COVID-19 patients will help scientists to find a convenient solution for this and other pandemic events.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- angiotensin ii
- induced apoptosis
- early onset
- poor prognosis
- cerebral ischemia
- single cell
- cell cycle arrest
- coronavirus disease
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- cell therapy
- white matter
- stem cells
- gram negative
- antimicrobial resistance
- long non coding rna
- single molecule
- oxidative stress
- brain injury
- binding protein
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- cell death
- pi k akt
- multiple sclerosis
- mesenchymal stem cells