What is real change in submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults? Retrospective analysis of a clinical trial.

Although at least modest relative reliability was consistently demonstrated, the smaller measurement error associated with absolute and relative [Formula: see text] at 2.5 W kg/FFM may indirectly suggest that submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness can be monitored more confidently at higher workloads. Findings provide critical information to determine how much change is considered 'real change' in repeated measures of cardiorespiratory fitness using a submaximal graded exercise testing protocol in healthy active older adults.