The level of ratio between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) after prolotherapy intervention and the functional outcome in patient with frozen shoulder: A randomized controlled trial.
Nuralam SamIrawan YusufIrfan IdrisEndy AdnanRatna Darjanti HaryadiFirdaus HamidAndry UsmanMuhammad Phetrus JohanAndi Alfian ZainuddinAgussalim BukhariPublished in: Medicine (2023)
Prolotherapy is considered to play a role in repairing cartilage based on biomarker assessment, particularly the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1-prolotherapy effectiveness in improving functional outcome and Numerical Rating Scale score.