Endometrial scratching in unexplained repeated implantation failure causes two competing forces, angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis: An RCT study.

ES induced significant alterations in the expression of angiogenesis-related genes, with notable up/downregulation of key angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular responses triggered by ES, underscoring the potential influence of ES on the complex processes of angiogenesis crucial for implantation.