Autophagy and Its Relationship to Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: When Autophagy Inhibition for Cancer Therapy Turns Counterproductive.
Guadalupe Rojas-SanchezIsrael Cotzomi-OrtegaNidia G Pazos-SalazarJulio Reyes-LeyvaPaola Maycotte-GonzálezPublished in: Biology (2019)
The manipulation of autophagy for cancer therapy has gained recent interest in clinical settings. Although inhibition of autophagy is currently being used in clinical trials for the treatment of several malignancies, autophagy has been shown to have diverse implications for normal cell homeostasis, cancer cell survival, and signaling to cells in the tumor microenvironment. Among these implications and of relevance for cancer therapy, the autophagic process is known to be involved in the regulation of protein secretion, in tumor cell immunogenicity, and in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical step in the process of cancer cell invasion. In this work, we have reviewed recent evidence linking autophagy to the regulation of EMT in cancer and normal epithelial cells, and have discussed important implications for the manipulation of autophagy during cancer therapy.
Keyphrases
- cancer therapy
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- drug delivery
- induced apoptosis
- papillary thyroid
- cell cycle arrest
- clinical trial
- squamous cell
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- single cell
- randomized controlled trial
- stem cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- mesenchymal stem cells
- study protocol
- young adults
- pi k akt
- smoking cessation