Cancer-related breathlessness: opioids other than morphine - comprehensive literature review.
Tatsuma SakaguchiPublished in: BMJ supportive & palliative care (2023)
As an alternative to morphine, the author recommends fentanyl for breathless crisis or breathlessness on exertion, and oxycodone or hydromorphone for terminal breathlessness in advanced cancer. Larger and well-designed studies based on firm research policies are needed to confirm this current knowledge.