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Codeine induces increased resistance at the esophagogastric junction but has no effect on motility and bolus flow in the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter in healthy volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

Annelies GeeraertsHannelore GeysenLisa BalletClaudia HofmansEgbert CleversTaher I OmariAnastassios C ManolakisRaf MolsPatrick AugustijnsTim VanuytselNathalie RommelTack JanAns Pauwels
Published in: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society (2020)
In HV, acute administration of codeine increased bolus resistance at the EGJ secondary to induced incomplete EGJ relaxation leading to major motility disorders in a subset of subjects including EGJ-OO. However, an acute single dose of codeine did not affect motility or bolus flow in pharynx and UES. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03784105.
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