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Ancestry-inclusive dog genomics challenges popular breed stereotypes.

Kathleen M MorrillJessica P HekmanXue LiJesse McClureBrittney LoganLinda GoodmanMingshi GaoYinan DongMarjie AlonsoElena CarmichaelNoah James Snyder-MacklerJacob AlonsoHyun Ji NohJeremy JohnsonMichele KoltookianCharlie LieuKate MegquierRoss SwoffordJason Turner-MaierMichelle E WhiteNishigandha PhalkeAndres ColubriDiane P GenereuxKathryn A LordElinor K Karlsson
Published in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2022)
Behavioral genetics in dogs has focused on modern breeds, which are isolated subgroups with distinctive physical and, purportedly, behavioral characteristics. We interrogated breed stereotypes by surveying owners of 18,385 purebred and mixed-breed dogs and genotyping 2155 dogs. Most behavioral traits are heritable [heritability ( h 2 ) > 25%], and admixture patterns in mixed-breed dogs reveal breed propensities. Breed explains just 9% of behavioral variation in individuals. Genome-wide association analyses identify 11 loci that are significantly associated with behavior, and characteristic breed behaviors exhibit genetic complexity. Behavioral loci are not unusually differentiated in breeds, but breed propensities align, albeit weakly, with ancestral function. We propose that behaviors perceived as characteristic of modern breeds derive from thousands of years of polygenic adaptation that predates breed formation, with modern breeds distinguished primarily by aesthetic traits.
Keyphrases
  • genome wide
  • genome wide association
  • genetic diversity
  • physical activity
  • dna methylation
  • single cell
  • genome wide association study
  • high throughput
  • copy number
  • social support
  • patient satisfaction