Patient involvement interventions in patients with kidney failure making end-of-life care decisions: a scoping review.

The review identified several ways to support patients with kidney failure to be involved in end-of-life care decisions. Future interventions may benefit from adopting a complex intervention framework to engage multiple stakeholders in the research and design of an intervention for shared decision-making between patients with kidney failure, their relatives, and health professionals in kidney services about integrating end-of-life care options into their kidney disease management pathway.