Protective Effects of Human Pericyte-like Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Human Retinal Endothelial Cells in an In Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy: Evidence for Autologous Cell Therapy.
Gabriella LupoAleksandra AgafonovaAlessia CosentinoGiovanni GiurdanellaGiuliana ManninoDebora Lo FurnoIvana Roberta RomanoRosario GiuffridaFloriana D'AngeliCarmelina Daniela AnfusoPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by morphologic and metabolic alterations in endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The loss of interendothelial junctions, increased vascular permeability, microaneurysms, and finally, EC detachment are the main features of DR. In this scenario, a pivotal role is played by the extensive loss of PCs. Based on previous results, the aim of this study was to assess possible beneficial effects exerted by adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and their pericyte-like differentiated phenotype (P-ASCs) on human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in high glucose conditions (25 mM glucose, HG). P-ASCs were more able to preserve BRB integrity than ASCs in terms of (a) increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER); (b) increased expression of adherens junction and tight junction proteins (VE-cadherin and ZO-1); (c) reduction in mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9; (d) reduction in the angiogenic factor VEGF and in fibrotic TGF-β1. Moreover, P-ASCs counteracted the HG-induced activation of the pro-inflammatory phospho-ERK1/2/phospho-cPLA2/COX-2 pathway. Finally, crosstalk between HRECs and ASCs or P-ASCs based on the PDGF-B/PDGFR-β axis at the mRNA level is described herein. Thus, P-ASCs might be considered valuable candidates for therapeutic approaches aimed at countering BRB disruption in DR.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- diabetic retinopathy
- high glucose
- optical coherence tomography
- cell therapy
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- mesenchymal stem cells
- blood brain barrier
- adipose tissue
- poor prognosis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- cell proliferation
- insulin resistance
- binding protein
- stem cells
- blood glucose
- oxidative stress
- blood pressure
- systemic sclerosis
- fluorescent probe
- optic nerve
- single molecule
- type diabetes
- weight loss
- drug induced