Shared and distinct reward neural mechanisms among patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder: an effort-based functional imaging study.
Yan-Yu WangYi WangJia HuangXi-He SunXi-Zhen WangShu-Xian ZhangGuo-Hui ZhuSimon S Y LuiEric F C CheungHong-Wei SunRaymond C K ChanPublished in: European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience (2022)
Unwillingness to exert effort for rewards has been found in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), but the underlying shared and distinct reward neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the neural correlates of such impairments across different diagnoses. The neural responses in an effort-expenditure for reward task (EEfRT) were assessed in 20 SCZ patients, 23 MDD patients, 17 BD patients, and 30 healthy controls (HC). The results found shared activation in the cingulate gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus during the EEfRT administration. Compared to HC, SCZ patients exhibited stronger variations of functional connectivity between the right caudate and the left amygdala, the left hippocampus and the left putamen, with increase in reward magnitude. In MDD patients, an enhanced activation compared to HC in the right superior temporal gyrus was found with the increase of reward magnitude. The variations of functional connectivity between the caudate and the right cingulate gyrus, the left postcentral gyrus and the left inferior parietal lobule with increase in reward magnitude were weaker than that found in HC. In BD patients, the degree of activation in the left precuneus was increased, but that in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was decreased with increase in reward probability compared to HC. These findings demonstrate both shared and distinct reward neural mechanisms associated with EEfRT in patients with SCZ, MDD, and BD, implicating potential intervention targets to alleviate amotivation in these clinical disorders.
Keyphrases
- major depressive disorder
- functional connectivity
- bipolar disorder
- end stage renal disease
- prefrontal cortex
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- resting state
- prognostic factors
- randomized controlled trial
- peritoneal dialysis
- high resolution
- working memory
- climate change
- risk assessment
- photodynamic therapy