Designing Effective Multi-Target Drugs and Identifying Biomarkers in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) Using In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Approaches.
Andrés Alexis Ramírez-CoronelAmirabbas RostamiLaith A YounusJosé Luis Arias GonzálesMethaq Hadi LaftaAli H AminMohammed Abdulkadhim SaadoonHayder Mahmood SalmanAbolfazl BahramiRossa FeileiReza Akhavan-SigariPublished in: Biomedicines (2023)
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in approximately 5% of women. Despite an abundance of evidence, the molecular mechanism of RPL's pathology remains unclear. Here, we report the protective role of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) during RPL. We aimed to construct an RPL network utilizing GEO datasets and identified hub high-traffic genes. We also investigated whether the expressions of PLK1 were altered in the chorionic villi collected from women with RPL compared to those from healthy early pregnant women. Gene expression differences were evaluated using both pathway and gene ontology (GO) analyses. The identified genes were validated using in vivo and in vitro models. Mice with PLK1-overexpression and PLK1-knockdown in vitro models were produced by transfecting certain plasmids and si-RNA, respectively. The apoptosis in the chorionic villi, mitochondrial function, and NF-κB signaling activity was evaluated. To suppress the activation of PLK1, the PLK1 inhibitor BI2536 was administered. The HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cell lines were chosen to establish an RPL model in vitro. The NF-κB signaling, Foxo signaling, PI3K/AKT, and endometrial cancer signaling pathways were identified via the RPL regulatory network. The following genes were identified: PLK1 as hub high-traffic gene and MMP2 , MMP9 , BAX , MFN1 , MFN2 , FOXO1 , OPA1 , COX15 , BCL2 , DRP1 , FIS1 , TRAF2 , and TOP2A . Clinical samples were examined, and the results demonstrated that RPL patients had tissues with decreased PLK1 expression in comparison to women with normal pregnancies ( p < 0.01). In vitro, PLK1 knockdown induced the NF-κB signaling pathway and apoptosis activation while decreasing cell invasion, migration, and proliferation ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, the in vivo model proved that cell mitochondrial function and chorionic villi development are both hampered by PLK1 suppression. Our findings revealed that the PLK1/TRAF2/NF-κB axis plays a crucial role in RPL-induced chorionic villi dysfunction by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis and might be a potential therapeutic target in the clinic.
Keyphrases
- signaling pathway
- pi k akt
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- pregnant women
- genome wide
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- cell proliferation
- transcription factor
- diabetic rats
- preterm birth
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- endometrial cancer
- poor prognosis
- type diabetes
- high glucose
- chronic kidney disease
- bioinformatics analysis
- prognostic factors
- pregnancy outcomes
- end stage renal disease
- inflammatory response
- newly diagnosed
- cell therapy
- air pollution
- dna methylation
- risk assessment
- patient reported
- adipose tissue
- primary care
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bone marrow
- endothelial cells
- human health
- high fat diet induced
- multidrug resistant
- metabolic syndrome
- nuclear factor
- binding protein
- network analysis
- insulin resistance
- escherichia coli
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- toll like receptor