Transseptal Puncture Guided by Three-Dimensional Electroanatomical Mapping: Early Experience Using a Simplified Approach in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.

Our study describes a fluoroscopy-free or low-dose fluoroscopy approach for TSP in ACHD patients undergoing catheter ablation of left-sided tachyarrhythmias who had been previously treated surgically or interventionally due to congenital heart defects. By superimposing 3D electroanatomic mapping with cardiac CT anatomy, this protocol proved to be highly effective, feasible and safe.