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Complex Impedance and Modulus Analysis on Porous and Non-Porous Scaffold Composites Due to Effect of Hydroxyapatite/Starch Proportion.

Chong You BehEe Meng ChengXiao Jian TanNashrul Fazli Mohd NasirMohd Shukry Bin Abdul MajidMohd Ridzuan Mohd JamirShing Fhan KhorKim Yee LeeChe Wan Sharifah Robiah Mohamad
Published in: Polymers (2023)
This study aims to investigate the electric responses (complex modulus and complex impedance analysis) of hydroxyapatite/starch bone scaffold as a function of hydroxyapatite/starch proportion and the microstructural features. Hence, the non-porous and porous hydroxyapatite/starch composites were fabricated with various hydroxyapatite/starch proportions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80, and 10/90 wt/wt%). Microstructural analysis of the porous hydroxyapatite/starch composites was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy. It shows that the formation of hierarchical porous microstructures with high porosity is more significant at a high starch proportion. The complex modulus and complex impedance analysis were conducted to investigate the electrical conduction mechanism of the hydroxyapatite/starch composites via dielectric spectroscopy within a frequency range from 5 MHz to 12 GHz. The electrical responses of the hydroxyapatite/starch composites are highly dependent on the frequency, material proportion, and microstructures. High starch proportion and highly porous hierarchical microstructures enhance the electrical responses of the hydroxyapatite/starch composite. The material proportion and microstructure features of the hydroxyapatite/starch composites can be indirectly reflected by the simulated electrical parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit models.
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