Is marijuana use associated with decreased use of prescription opioids? Toxicological findings from two US national samples of drivers.
Guohua LiStanford ChihuriPublished in: Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy (2020)
Drivers who test positive for marijuana are significantly more likely to test positive for prescription opioids. Longitudinal studies with rigorous designs and toxicological testing data are needed to further address the substitution hypothesis between marijuana and prescription opioids.