Thermo-Mechanical Numerical Simulation of Friction Stir Rotation-Assisted Single Point Incremental Forming of Commercially Pure Titanium Sheets.

Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is becoming more and more widely used in the metal industry due to its high production flexibility and the possibility of obtaining larger material deformations than during conventional sheet metal forming processes. This paper presents the results of the numerical modeling of friction stir rotation-assisted SPIF of commercially pure 0.4 mm-thick titanium sheets. The aim of this research was to build a reliable finite element-based thermo-mechanical model of the warm forming process of titanium sheets. Finite element-based simulations were conducted in Abaqus/Explicit software (version 2019). The formability of sheet metal when forming conical cones with a slope angle of 45° was analyzed. The numerical model assumes complex thermal interactions between the forming tool, the sheet metal and the surroundings. The heat generation capability was used to heat generation caused by frictional sliding. Mesh sensitivity analysis showed that a 1 mm mesh provides the best agreement with the experimental results of total forming force (prediction error 3%). It was observed that the higher the size of finite elements (2 mm and 4 mm), the greater the fluctuation of the total forming force. The maximum temperature recorded in the contact zone using the FLIR T400 infrared camera was 157 °C, while the FE-based model predicted this value with an error of 1.3%. The thinning detected by measuring the drawpiece with the ARGUS non-contact strain measuring system and predicted by the FEM model showed a uniform thickness in the drawpiece wall zone. The FE-based model overestimated the minimum and maximum wall thicknesses by 3.7 and 5.9%, respectively.