Diversity in cardiothoracic surgery: The time has come.

Historically, cardiothoracic surgery has been one of the least diverse specialties in medicine. There has been progress during the last 20 years, but we are far from equality in regard to gender or racial and ethnic makeup of the cardiothoracic surgical workforce. This phenomenon is not isolated to America, but exists throughout the globe. Diversity has been shown to improve productivity and profits in manufacturing and other fields. In addition, diversity has been shown to improve outcomes in select patient populations with a wide range of chronic and acute medical conditions. So, what can we do about it? This article summarizes the current situation in regard to equality and equity in cardiothoracic surgery and proposes solutions to bring about lasting change. Diversity in cardiothoracic surgery will not occur passively. It will require a concerted effort and a commitment to change.