Predisposing factors and clinical impact of high-output syndrome after sphincter-preserving surgery with covering ileostomy for rectal cancer: a retrospective single-center cohort study.

Preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy, postoperative inflammatory response, and postoperative complications predisposed to high-output syndrome, and it significantly impacted postoperative renal dysfunction. Active monitoring and early intervention are warranted to prevent renal dysfunction in patients with these factors.